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1.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 2730, 2023 02 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36792695

RESUMO

Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) is a cephalopod species with great economic value. In western Asturias (northwest of Spain), O. vulgaris artisanal fisheries are relatively well monitored and conditionally eco-labeled by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). Despite this, the Asturian octopus stocks have not been genetically assessed so far. In order to improve the current fishery plan and contrast the octopus eco-label validity in Asturias, 539 individuals from five regions of the O. vulgaris geographic distribution, including temporal samplings in Asturias, were collected and genotyped at thirteen microsatellite loci. All the samples under analysis were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Spatial levels of genetic differentiation were estimated using F-statistics, multidimensional scaling, and Bayesian analyses. Results suggested that the O. vulgaris consists of at least four genetically different stocks coming from two ancestral lineages. In addition, temporal analyses showed stability in terms of genetic variation and high NE (> 50) for several generations in different localities within Asturias, pointing out to indeed sustainable fishery exploitation levels. Even though, the current Asturias fishery plan shows no significant genetic damages to the stocks, the regional-specific management plans need systematic genetic monitoring schemes as part of an efficient and preventive regional fishery regulation strategy.


Assuntos
Octopodiformes , Humanos , Animais , Espanha , Octopodiformes/genética , Pesqueiros , Teorema de Bayes , Genótipo
2.
Recurso na Internet em Espanhol | LIS - Localizador de Informação em Saúde | ID: lis-34510

RESUMO

En esta primera parte nos dedicaremos a la infección por el VIH que es considerada en la actualidad como una epidemia en fase emergente a nivel mundial y que actualmente y gracias a las grandes mejoras y avances en los tratamientos antirretrovirales, en los países desarrollados se ha convertido en un proceso crónico. En el ámbito odontoestomatológico ha sido motivo de controversia cómo se debe proporcionar atención dental a una persona seropositiva, ya que la posibilidad de complicaciones a causa de la situación sistémica de estos pacientes se ha considerado elevada, así como por el riesgo de transmisión ocupacional añadido. En la segunda parte de este artículo nos dedicaremos a otras dos infecciones importantes en nuestro medio como son las hepatitis y tuberculosis cuya incidencia está aumentando en nuestro país (especialmente la Hepatitis C), por lo que consideramos que se deberían aumentar las precauciones, aplicando las medidas de barrera universal con todos los pacientes que acuden a nuestras consultas.(AU)


Assuntos
Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida , HIV , Hepatite , Tuberculose
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 11(44): 625-630, oct.-dic. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-76292

RESUMO

La esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad inusual y emergente en los últimosaños que se caracteriza por un infiltrado de más de 20 eosinófilos por campo de gran aumentoen la biopsia del tejido esofágico. Se describe en todas las edades aunque aparentementees más frecuente en niños. La etiología no está clara pero se sugiere que la atopiao las alergias juegan un rol importante en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Lapresentación clínica es variada: la disfagia y la impactación alimentaria son las más frecuentes.No existe un tratamiento específico. Los corticoides tópicos deglutidos son losfármacos de elección, pero en niños con alergia alimentaria el tratamiento se basa endietas de exclusión. Presentamos el caso clínico de un niño de 12 años con antecedentede dermatitis atópica y alergia que es hospitalizado por presentar un cuadro de melenacon urticaria aguda. A su vez, se hace una breve revisión del diagnóstico y el tratamientode esta patología(AU)


Eosinophilic esophagitis is an unusual and emerging disease in the last years that is recognizedby the presence of more than 20 eosinophils per high-powered field on esophageal tissuebiopsy. It is described in all ages although apparently is more frequent in children. It is suggestedthat atopy or allergic mechanisms play an important role in the development of this diseasebut the etiology is not clear yet. The more frequent symptoms are dysphagia and food impactionamong the varied clinical manifestations. No specific treatments exist but topical swallowedsteroids are the first choice although an exclusion diet is preferred in children with foodallergy. We report the case of a 12-year-old child, suffering from atopic dermatitis and otherallergies, admitted to hospital for an episode of melena and urticaria and discuss the diagnosisand the treatment of this pathology(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esofagite/complicações , Esofagite/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Eosinofilia/complicações , Eosinofilia/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade/complicações , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Esofagite/fisiopatologia , Esofagite/cirurgia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Dermatite Atópica/complicações , Dermatite Atópica/fisiopatologia , Melena/complicações , Melena/fisiopatologia
4.
Int J Antimicrob Agents ; 33(5): 449-52, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19097755

RESUMO

The in vitro activity of tinidazole against anaerobic periodontal pathogens (25 Prevotella buccae, 18 Prevotella denticola, 10 Prevotella intermedia, 6 Prevotella melaninogenica, 5 Prevotella oralis, 10 Fusobacterium nucleatum and 8 Veillonella spp.) was determined by agar dilution. MIC(90) values (minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of the organisms) were 8 microg/mL for Veillonella spp., 4 microg/mL for P. intermedia, 2 microg/mL for P. buccae, 1 microg/mL for Fusobacterium spp. and 0.5 microg/mL for other Prevotella spp. Cidal activity was studied by killing curves with tinidazole and amoxicillin (alone and in combination) at concentrations similar to those achieved in crevicular fluid (41.2 microg/mL tinidazole and 14.05 microg/mL amoxicillin) against an inoculum of ca. 10(7)colony-forming units/mL of four bacterial groups, each one composed of four different strains of the following periodontal isolates: Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium spp. and Veillonella spp. (anaerobes) and one amoxicillin-susceptible Streptococcus spp. (facultative) in a proportion of 1:1:1:1. When only beta-lactamase-negative Prevotella or Fusobacterium strains were tested, significantly higher reductions were found with amoxicillin (>4 log reduction at 48 h) versus controls. The presence of beta-lactamase-positive Prevotella spp. or F. nucleatum strains rendered amoxicillin inactive (no reductions at 48 h), with no differences from controls. Amoxicillin+tinidazole produced >3 log reduction at 24h and >4 log reduction at 48 h regardless of the presence or not of beta-lactamase-positive strains. The presence in crevicular fluid of beta-lactamases produced by beta-lactamase-positive periodontal pathogens may have ecological and therapeutic consequences since it may protect beta-lactamase-negative periodontal pathogens from amoxicillin treatment. In vitro, tinidazole offered high antianaerobic activity against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative periodontal pathogens, avoiding amoxicillin inactivation.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fusobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Prevotella/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Tinidazol/farmacologia , Veillonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Amoxicilina/farmacologia , Bactérias Anaeróbias/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Bactérias/biossíntese , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Viabilidade Microbiana , Resistência beta-Lactâmica , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese
5.
Rev Esp Quimioter ; 21(3): 198-202, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18791873

RESUMO

Tinidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole initially introduced into clinical medicine in 1969 for the treatment of unicellular parasites. Tinidazole offers selective bactericidal activity, not influenced by the inoculum size, against anaerobic bacteria, that make it of theoretical interest against periodontopathogen infections. This article reviews the required characteristics of an antibiotic directed to odontogenic anaerobic infections, as well as the pharmacodynamic pitfalls of common antibiotic treatments. In addition the in vitro, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of tinidazole are reviewed, assessing the degree of its adhesion to the required characteristics, as well as identifying the gaps to be fulfilled prior to its use in this medical field. Tinidazole offers interesting characteristics making worthy investigations as a candidate for the treatment of anaerobic odontogenic infections. \


Assuntos
Doenças Periodontais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Tinidazol/uso terapêutico , Humanos
6.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 21(3): 189-202, sept. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-77593

RESUMO

Tinidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole initially introduced intoclinical medicine in 1969 for the treatment of unicellular parasites.Tinidazole offers selective bactericidal activity, not influencedby the inoculum size, against anaerobic bacteria,that make it of theoretical interest against periodontopathogeninfections. This article reviews the required characteristicsof an antibiotic directed to odontogenic anaerobic infections,as well as the pharmacodynamic pitfalls of commonantibiotic treatments. In addition the in vitro, pharmacokineticand pharmacodynamic properties of tinidazole are reviewed,assessing the degree of its adhesion to the required characteristics,as well as identifying the gaps to be fulfilled priorto its use in this medical field. Tinidazole offers interestingcharacteristics making worthy investigations as a candidatefor the treatment of anaerobic odontogenic infections (AU)


El tinidazol es un 5-nitroimidazol que se introdujo en1969 en la clínica para el tratamiento de infestaciones porparásitos unicelulares. El tinidazol ofrece una actividadbactericida selectiva, no influida por el tamaño del inóculo,frente a bacterias anaerobias, por lo que presenta un interésteórico en infecciones producidas por odontopatógenos. Esteartículo revisa las características que requiere un antibióticodirigido al tratamiento de infecciones odontogénicas por bacterias anaerobias, así como las carencias farmacodinámicasde los antibióticos habitualmente utilizados en estetipo de infecciones. Asimismo se revisan las propiedades invitro, farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas de tinidazol,valorándose el grado de adhesión de este compuesto a lascaracterísticas requeridas para un antibiótico dirigido a estetipo de infecciones. También se identifican las lagunas deconocimiento sobre tinidazol que deben resolverse antes desu utilización en este campo. Tinidazol ofrece unas característicasinteresantes que posibilitan realizar investigacionescomo candidato al tratamiento de infecciones odontogénicasanaerobias (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Periodontais/classificação , Doenças Periodontais/enzimologia , Doenças Periodontais/terapia , Tinidazol/administração & dosagem , Tinidazol/síntese química , Tinidazol/farmacologia , Tinidazol/farmacocinética , Tinidazol/uso terapêutico , Controle de Infecções Dentárias/métodos , Controle de Infecções Dentárias/normas , Controle de Infecções Dentárias/tendências , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
7.
Recurso na Internet em Espanhol | LIS - Localizador de Informação em Saúde | ID: lis-34345

RESUMO

En la literatura científica existen varias líneas de evidencia que relacionan directamente al Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans con lesiones de Periodontitis juvenil localizada y aunqueexiste evidencia de transmisión familiar de este patógeno periodontal, no existe constancia de que la enfermedad periodontal sea contagiosa. Las bacterias responsables de la enfermedad periodontal parecen ser transmisibles, pero sólo después de un periodo largo de exposición. La vía de transmisión tampoco está clara. Por el momento no es posible sacar ninguna conclusión alrespecto.(AU)


Assuntos
Periodontite Agressiva , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
8.
Av. odontoestomatol ; 23(6): 347-358, nov.-dic. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058417

RESUMO

La mecanobiología ósea se encarga de la interacción entre las señales mecánicas y los mecanismos moleculares en las células y el tejido óseo. El estudio actual de esta disciplina engloba los modelos informáticos, la biología molecular y las técnicas de imagen en alta resolución. En este artículo se revisan los conceptos generales que se estudian en la mecanobiología y biomecánica de los hueso maxilares. Se establecen las principales propiedades biomecánicas del hueso en las diferentes escalas de medición y determinados factores que influyen en la reacción del hueso perimplantario ante las cargas biomecánicas (AU)


Bone mechanobiology deals with connection between mechanical signals and molecular events in cells and bone tissue. The current study on this subject involves computer models, molecular biology and high resolution imaging of bone. This paper reviews general concepts which take place on mechanobiology and biomechanics of maxillary bones. Mechanical features in several dimensional levels are studied and some factors with influence on perimplantary bone are also evaluated (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Arcada Osseodentária/patologia , Próteses e Implantes/classificação , Próteses e Implantes/tendências , Próteses e Implantes , Implantes Dentários , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Osso e Ossos/fisiologia , Osso e Ossos/citologia , Sistema Estomatognático/fisiologia , Maxila/fisiologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos/métodos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos/tendências , Desenvolvimento Ósseo/fisiologia
9.
Av. odontoestomatol ; 23(4): 181-188, jul.-ago. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058415

RESUMO

El granuloma periférico de células gigantes (GPCG) es una lesión de tejido blando no neoplásica ocasionada por una reacción hiperplásica a consecuencia de un traumatismo o inflamación. Es una lesión reactiva del tejido blando que se desarrolla exclusivamente en la cavidad oral y con una ligera predilección en el sexo femenino. La localización habitual de GPCG es en la región de los premolares y la mucosa de la cresta alveolar edéntula. Se presentan tres casos con GPCG (dos hombres y una mujer) con una edad comprendida entre los 25 y 35años. Todos los pacientes se trataron con resección quirúrgica y ninguno sufrió recidivas. Con el propósito de determinar el posible origen de las células estromales mononucleares y de las células gigantes multinucleares, las muestras de cada caso se estudiaron mediante inmunohistoquímica (marcadores CD-68, CD-34 y α-1antitripsina) con el fin de evaluar la expresión del linaje endotelial y del linaje monocito/macrófago. Los resultados inmunohistoquímicos mostraron una marcada positividad difusa de CD-68 en las células estromales mononucleares y en las células gigantes multinucleadas. Estas últimas resultaron ser inmunonegativas para CD-34 y sólo puntualmente positivas para α-1 antitripsina. Estos resultados sugieren que las células gigantes multinucleares poseen un fenotipo osteoclástico, proviniendo del linaje monocito/macrófago, y que no derivan del linaje de las células endoteliales de los capilares. Se establece la importancia de un exhaustivo diagnóstico y de una exéresis quirúrgica completa de la lesión (curetaje óseo) con el propósito de evitar la reabsorción del diente y hueso adyacente (AU)


Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a non-neoplastic lesion representing a local hyperplastic reaction to injury or inflammation. It is known to be a reactive soft tissue lesion that develops only within the oral cavity, with a slightly predilection for female sex. The usual localization for PGCG is the premolar region and the crest of the edentulous ridge. This study presents three cases of PGCG, including 2 male and 1 female, with an age comprised between 25 and 35 years. All patients were treated with resection biopsy and no one relapsed. With the aim of determine the probable origin of stromal mononuclear cells and multinuclear giant cells, each case was then studied by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of endothelial and monocyte/macrophage lineage. Immunohistochemical results showed a strong diffuse positivity for CD-68 in round mononuclear stromal cells and in multinucleate giant cells. These latter were immunonegative for CD-34 and only focally positive for α-1 antitrypsin. These results suggest that multinucleated giant cell shows an osteoclast phenotype and that probably derive from monocyte/macrophage lineage and that do not derive from the endothelial cells of the capillary. In second instance, we underlined the importance of an exhaustive dia (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Humanos , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/cirurgia , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica/tendências , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hiperplasia Gengival/complicações , Hiperplasia Gengival/diagnóstico , Tumores do Estroma Endometrial/complicações , Tumores do Estroma Endometrial/diagnóstico , Doenças Periapicais , Granuloma Periapical/diagnóstico
10.
Av. periodoncia implantol. oral ; 19(2): 101-113, ago. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056047

RESUMO

Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica acerca de la aplicación de antiinflamatorios de forma coadyuvante en el tratamiento periodontal. Tras una breve introducción, se establecen las bases inmunológicas de la inflamación y destrucción periodontal, centrándonos en el metabolismo del ácido araquidónico y los cuatro mediadores más implicados actualmente en la destrucción periodontal: prostaglandina E2 (PGE2), prostaglandina F2alfa (PGF2alfa), leucotrieno B4 (LTB4) y factor activador de plaquetas (PAF), y estableciendo su mecanismo de acción, su relación con la destrucción periodontal a través de las metaloproteinasas (MMPs) y su relación con algunas interleuquinas de la cascada inflamatoria también relacionadas con la destrucción tisular. Después se expone una relación de los fármacos más empleados en la literatura para la inhibición de todos estos mediadores (Antiinflamatorios no esteroideos o AINEs, ácidos grasos omega3, tetraciclinas y bifosfonatos), explicando su mecanismo de acción y los estudios que los han investigado y posteriormente se ha llevado a cabo una recopilación de los escasos estudios que realizan mediciones clínicas para finalizar estableciendo una serie de conclusiones (AU)


A review about the application of antiinflammatories as an aid for the periodontal treatment is presented. After a brief introduction, we explain the immunological bases of periodontal inflamation and tissue destruction, focusing on arachidonic acid metabolism and the four most important inflammatory mediators now in periodontal tissue resorption: prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), leucotriene B4 (LTB4) and platelet activation factor (PAF), and explaining their actions and role in inflammation through matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and their relation with some other mediators in the inflammatory chain also related with tissue resorption. After, we expound some of the most used drugs for the inhibition of all of these mediators (non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs or NSAIDs, omega3 fatty acids, tetracyclines and bisfosfonates), explaining their action and the papers wich investigated them and later we have made a compilation of the few studies making clinical measurements to finish establishing some conclusions (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Periodontais/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/tratamento farmacológico , Tetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico
11.
Minerva Stomatol ; 56(6): 341-7, 2007 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês, Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17625491

RESUMO

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common malignant cancer of the oral cavity encompassing at least 92.8% of all oral malignancies. Despite improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods over the 20 last years, this tumour is still characterized by a high rate of mortality. The latest advances of molecular biological methods have contributed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the oral carcinogenetic process. Deregulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and cell-cell/cell-matrix adhesions are considered the pathways mainly influencing this multistage event and scientific researches over the last decade have been performed in order to investigate the biological diagnostic and prognostic parameters related to these events (i.e. tumour growth markers, markers of tumour suppression and anti-tumour response, angiogenesis markers, markers of tumour invasion and metastatic potential, cell surface markers, intracellular markers, markers derived from arachidonic acid, and enzymatic markers). The aim of the present review was to outline the current knowledge on the role of some of these tumour biological markers in carcinogenesis of oral SCC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Apoptose , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Adesão Celular , Humanos
13.
Rev Esp Quimioter ; 20(1): 61-7, 2007 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17530037

RESUMO

Resistance in streptococci or Gram-negative bacteria is associated with antibiotic consumption. Scarce information exists on the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from patients with periodontitis in countries with high antibiotic consumption, as this is an area in which microbiological testing is not performed in daily practice. The present study was undertaken to explore the susceptibility of bacterial isolates in periodontitis to antibiotics prescribed in odontology in Spain as treatment for local infections or prophylaxis for distant focal infections. Periodontal samples were prospectively collected in 48 patients classified by pocket depth of <4 mm and >or=4 mm. Species were identified by culture, selecting the five most frequent morphotypes per sample, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Susceptibility was determined by E-test. A total of 261 isolates were identified: 72.9% patients had Streptococcus oralis; 70.8% Streptococcus mitis; 60.4% Prevotella buccae; 39.6% Prevotella denticola; 37.5% Fusobacterium nucleatum; 35.4% Prevotella intermedia; 25% Capnocytophaga spp.; 23% Veillonella spp.; 22.9% Prevotella melaninogenica and Streptococcus sanguis; and <20% other species. Streptococcus viridans resistance rates were 0% for amoxicillin, approximately 10% for clindamycin, 9-22% for tetracycline, and for azithromycin ranged from 18.2% for S. sanguis to 47.7% for S. mitis. Prevotella isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, with amoxicillin resistance ranging from 17.1% in P. buccae to 26.3% in P. denticola. Metronidazole resistance was <6% in all Prevotella species, while clindamycin resistance ranged from 0 to 21.1%. beta-Lactamase production was positive in 54.1% Prevotella spp., 38.9% F. nucleatum, 30% Capnocytophaga spp., and 10% Veillonella spp. In this study, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was the most active antibiotic against all species tested, followed by metronidazole in the case of anaerobes.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Doenças Periodontais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bactérias/genética , Uso de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Periodontais/prevenção & controle , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Espanha , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo
14.
Av. periodoncia implantol. oral ; 19(1): 39-52, abr. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053629

RESUMO

Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de la evolución en la literatura acerca del plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP). Tras una introducción se expone la composición del PRP, aludiendo fundamentalmente a los factores de crecimiento presentes en él para continuar con la secuencia de obtención y empleo quirúrgico del producto. Posteriormente se puede observar una revisión del proceso de regeneración a nivel histológico desde el momento de colocación hasta la sexta. En el apartado de discusión, se pueden observar los distintos estudios a favor y en contra de la utilización del PRP encontrados en la literatura, y a continuación se apuntan los posibles riesgos recientemente atribuibles al empleo del PRP para terminar con una breve revisión de estudios comparativos de diversos métodos de obtención y activación del PRP. Por último, se establecen una serie de conclusiones y se expone la bibliografía consultada (AU)


The aim of this work was to make a review about the evolution of the platelet rich plasma (PRP) in literature. After an introduction, the main components of the PRP are showed, giving more relevance to the growing factors to continue with the obtaining procedure and its application in the surgical aspect. Later, a review about the regeneration process by means of histological findings is made from the very first moment to the sixth week. In the discussion, it can be observed that there is a great polemic between the found studies about the usefulness of the PRP in osseous regeneration, and then some potencial riks about the utilization of the PRP are put forward to finish with a brief review of comparative studies between different obtaining and activation methods. Finally, some conclusions are established and the bibliography searched is presented (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Plasma/química , Plaquetas , Regeneração Óssea , Osteogênese/fisiologia
15.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 20(1): 61-67, mar. 2007. tab
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-056677

RESUMO

La resistencia de los estreptococos o de las bacterias gramnegativas se asocia al consumo antibiótico, pero existe escasa información sobre la sensibilidad de los aislamientos de pacientes con periodontitis en los países con alto consumo de antibióticos, como es España; datos que pueden ser importantes cuando en la práctica diaria no se realizan determinaciones microbiológicas. En este estudio se analiza la sensibilidad de aislamientos de periodontitis a los antibióticos prescritos habitualmente en España en odontología para el tratamiento de infecciones locales o la profilaxis de infecciones a distancia. Se tomaron de forma prospectiva muestras periodontales de 48 pacientes clasificados, según la profundidad de la bolsa, en dos grupos: <4 mm y ≥ 4 mm. La identificación de las especies se realizó por PCR y por cultivo, seleccionando los cinco morfotipos más frecuentes en cada muestra. La sensibilidad antibiótica se determinó por E-test®. Se identificaron 261 cepas. El 72,9% de los pacientes presentaron Streptococcus oralis, el 70,8% Streptococcus mitis, el 60,4% Prevotella buccae, el 39,6% Prevotella denticola, el 37,5% Fusobacterium nucleatum, el 35,4% Prevotella intermedia, el 25% Capnocytophaga spp., el 23% Veillonella spp., el 22,9% Prevotella melaninogenica y Streptococcus sanguis, y <20% otras especies. Las tasas de resistencia de S. viridans fueron 0% a la amoxicilina, ≈10% a la clindamicina y 9% a 22% a la tetraciclina; se halló resistencia a la azitromicina entre el 18,2% de S. sanguis y el 47,7% de S. mitis. Los aislamientos de Prevotella fueron sensibles a la amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico. La resistencia a la amoxicilina osciló entre el 17,1% de P. buccae y el 26,3% de P. denticola. La resistencia al metronidazol fue <6% en las especies de Prevotella, mientras que a la clindamicina osciló entre un 0% y un 21,1%. El 54,1% de Prevotella spp., el 38,9% de F. nucleatum, el 30% de Capnocytophaga spp. y el 10% de Veillonella spp. eran productores de betalactamasas. Amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico fue el antibiótico más activo frente a todas las especies aisladas, seguido del metronidazol en el caso de los anaerobios


Resistance in streptococci or Gram-negative bacteria is associated with antibiotic consumption. Scarce information exists on the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from patients with periodontitis in countries with high antibiotic consumption, as this is an area in which microbiological testing is not performed in daily practice. The present study was undertaken to explore the susceptibility of bacterial isolates in periodontitis to antibiotics prescribed in odontology in Spain as treatment for local infections or prophylaxis for distant focal infections. Periodontal samples were prospectively collected in 48 patients classified by pocket depth of <4 mm and ≥ 4 mm. Species were identified by culture, selecting the five most frequent morphotypes per sample, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Susceptibility was determined by E-test®. A total of 261 isolates were identified: 72.9% patients had Streptococcus oralis; 70.8% Streptococcus mitis; 60.4% Prevotella buccae; 39.6% Prevotella denticola; 37.5% Fusobacterium nucleatum; 35.4% Prevotella intermedia; 25% Capnocytophaga spp.; 23% Veillonella spp.; 22.9% Prevotella melaninogenica and Streptococcus sanguis; and <20% other species. Streptococcus viridans resistance rates were 0% for amoxicillin, ≈10% for clindamycin, 9-22% for tetracycline, and for azithromycin ranged from 18.2% for S. sanguis to 47.7% for S. mitis. Prevotella isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, with amoxicillin resistance ranging from 17.1% in P. buccae to 26.3% in P. denticola. Metronidazole resistance was <6% in all Prevotella species, while clindamycin resistance ranged from 0 to 21.1%. β-Lactamase production was positive in 54.1% Prevotella spp., 38.9% F. nucleatum, 30% Capnocytophaga spp., and 10% Veillonella spp. In this study, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was the most active antibiotic against all species tested, followed by metronidazole in the case of anaerobes


Assuntos
Humanos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Doenças Periodontais/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bolsa Periodontal/tratamento farmacológico , Antibioticoprofilaxia
16.
Oral Dis ; 13(1): 110-6, 2007 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17241440

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Limited published scientific evidence is available to provide guidance to clinicians on possible increased risks of invasive oral procedures associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of the patient. The aim of this study was to assess post-procedural complications in patients infected with HIV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of the records of 101 consecutive HIV patients treated at the School of Dentistry of Madrid Complutense University and Sandoval STD Clinic in Madrid between January 2003 and February 2005. Data were gathered by an experienced dental practitioner using a structured epidemiological questionnaire for information on gender, age, HIV transmission category, medical history, hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection and other diseases, TCD4+ and TCD8+ count, HIV viral load (VL), platelet count, neutrophil count, international normalized ratio and haemoglobin level; tobacco and alcohol intake, highly active antiretroviral treatment and presence of oral lesions. Information was also collected on complications related to dental treatment (invasive or non-invasive) during the previous 6 months. Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used to establish statistical significance. RESULTS: Data were gathered on 314 dental procedures in 101 patients. The overall complication rate was 2.2% (7/314); in 147 invasive procedures, seven complications (4.8%) were documented (one persistent pain, two prolonged bleeding, three infections, one bone sequestrum) including extractions, periodontal scaling, endodontic treatment and biopsy. No differences were found in TCD4+, TCD8+, platelet count, HBV or HCV co-infections or HIV VL between patients with and/or without complications. Patients with complications were mainly in B stage of HIV disease (P=0.020). Oral lesions and smoking habit>20 cig day-1 were documented in 83.3% (P=0.086) and 50% (P=0.060), respectively, of patients with complications. CONCLUSIONS: The complication rate was 2.2% overall and 4.8% after invasive dental procedures. Presence of oral lesions, smoking habit or HIV clinical stage B may be predictive factors for oral complications in HIV patients. No relationship was found between complications and virological, immunological or other laboratory values. Studies with wider samples and negative control group are warranted to confirm the absence of an association between HIV positivity and higher risk of oral complications.


Assuntos
Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Doenças da Boca/etiologia , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/patologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos/efeitos adversos , Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos/classificação , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV/transmissão , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite C/complicações , Humanos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Contagem de Plaquetas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fumar , Carga Viral
17.
Av. periodoncia implantol. oral ; 18(3): 135-147-dic. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049201

RESUMO

La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) puede tener influencia a nivel periodontal. El deterioro del sistema inmune por una disminución de los linfocitos TCD4+ puede comprometer las defensas del huésped a nivel sistémico por lo que se puede aumentar la susceptibilidad a padecer diferentes patologías en la cavidad oral. En este trabajo de revisión se recoge el estado actual de la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes VIH+ y trata de abordar como el VIH puede influir en la microbiota subgingival aumentando el riesgo de padecer periodontitis. La presencia de otros factores coadyuvantes podría favorecer la aparición de patología o incluso agravarla independiente de la presencia del VIH (AU)


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can be related with the periodontal status. The damage of the immunological system by decreasing TCD4+ lymphocytes may compromise host defenses therefore the susceptibility of suffering from several diseases in the oral cavity can also be increased. This review manuscript addresses the current aspects concerning to the periodontal disease in HIV infected patients and tries to explain how HIV may influence the subgingival microflora, increasing the risk of suffering periodontal problems. Others concomitant factors, not related with HIV infection, might help either the onset or increase the severity of the disease (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Periodontais/complicações , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Periodontite/complicações , Periodontite/diagnóstico , Higiene Bucal/métodos , Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante/complicações , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Ácido Clavulânico/uso terapêutico , Doenças Periodontais/sangue , Doenças Periodontais , Doenças Periodontais/patologia , Doenças Periodontais/terapia , Sistema Imunitário/lesões , Sistema Imunitário/patologia , Gengivite/complicações , Gengivite/diagnóstico , Doenças Periodontais/classificação , Eritema/complicações
18.
Av. periodoncia implantol. oral ; 18(2): 91-100, ago. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044780

RESUMO

La enfermedad periodontal es un proceso infeccioso crónico y de naturaleza inflamatoria, donde se produce la pérdida de los tejidos de sostén del diente. Existe un acuerdo general en que son las bacterias de la placa las responsables del inicio y mantenimiento de la enfermedad; pero se cree que será el tipo de respuesta inmune del individuo, la responsable del grado de destrucción periodontal que se desarrolle. Se piensa que una respuesta mediada por anticuerpos produciría una mayor destrucción debido a la hiperestimulación del sistema inmune, mientras que una respuesta celular sería más protectora con los tejidos periodontales. En este artículo proponemos que, la interleukina 18 (IL-18), citokina inductora de interferón gamma, favorecería el desarrollo de una respuesta inmune celular, permitiendo una eliminación bacteriana más eficaz, reduciendo así el daño que sufrirían los tejidos periodontales (AU)


Periodontal disease is an inflammatory, chronic and infectious process, where the tooth support tissues get lost. There is an agreement that bacteria are responsible for the beginning and support of the disease. It is believed that the type of individual immune response is responsible for the periodontal destruction degree. It is thought that an immune response regulated by antibodies would produce larger tissue destruction, due to the hyperstimulation of the immune system. While cellular immune response would be more protective with periodontal tissues. In this paper, we suggest that interleukin 18 (IL-18), as an interferon gamma inductor, would favor the cellular immune response development, allowing a more efficient elimination, reducing the periodontal tissue damage (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia , Doenças Periodontais/patologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Doenças Periodontais/complicações , Interleucina-18/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-18/uso terapêutico , Caspase 1/uso terapêutico , Interferon gama/administração & dosagem , Interferon gama/uso terapêutico
19.
Rev. esp. cir. oral maxilofac ; 28(3): 151-181, mayo-jun. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66418

RESUMO

La profilaxis antibiótica en Odontología tiene como objetivo prevenir la aparición de infección a partir de la puerta de entrada que produce la actuación terapéutica, por lo que se encuentra indicada siempreque exista un riesgo importante de infección, ya sea por las características mismas de la operación o por las condiciones locales o generales del paciente. Sin embargo, los ensayos clínicos con antibióticos en patologías dentarias responden poco a los criterios metodológicos requeridos, y además no son lo suficientemente numerosos. Se presentan los resultados de una conferencia de expertos integrada porlos Presidentes de Sociedades Científicas Españolas más representativas que han analizado la bibliografía existente y han aportado sus valiosas experienciasprofesionales. Se describen las circunstancias técnicas, se analizan los fundamentos biológicos y farmacológicos y se aplican a las situaciones médicas más repre-sentativas. Se concluye que la profilaxis antibiótica en Odontología cuenta con indicaciones bien fundamentadas y precisas, ofreciendo a la comunidad científica internacional un protocolo práctico de actuación


The goal of antibiotic prophylaxis in Odontology is to prevent the onset of infections through the entranceway provided by the therapeutic action, therefore it is indicated providing there is a considerable risk of infection, either because of the characteristicsof the operation itself or the patient’s local or general condition. Nonetheless, clinical trials with antibiotics in dental pathologies have had scant regard for the required methodological criteria and,in addition, are not sufficiently numerous. This text presents the results of an expert conference comprising the Presidents of the most representative Scientific Societies in Spain who have analyzed the existing literature and have drawn on their valuable professionalexperience. It describes the technical circumstances, analyzes the biological and pharmacological foundations and their application to the most representative medical situations. It is concluded that antibiotic prophylaxis in Odontology has certain well-founded, preciseindications and offers the international scientific community a practical protocol for action


Assuntos
Humanos , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/métodos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Protocolos Clínicos
20.
Av. odontoestomatol ; 22(3): 163-170, mayo-jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044771

RESUMO

Determinadas enfermedades exantemáticas de la infancia pueden cursar con manifestaciones en la región oral, siendo en ocasiones pioneras al resto de las lesiones. Para evitar complicaciones que puedan retrasar la correcta evolución y recuperación de los pacientes, y dada la morbilidad con al que cursan algunas entidades a nivel oral, se presenta una revisión en la cual se insiste en la necesidad de hacer una adecuada exploración ante cualquier enfermedad infecciosa o exantemática, aún cuando no consulten por síntomas a dicho nivel, para poder diagnosticar y tratar de forma precoz las lesiones orales asociadas a estas entidades (AU)


Some exanthematic diseases in the childhood affect in more or less importance to the oral region and highly important to know the degree of affectation to set out the guidelines for a suitable treatment at a proper level, and to avoid further complications which may delay the good evolution and soon recovery that those patients use to show. It is stressed the importance of an acute explotration of the mouth in case of any infectious or exanthematic illness, even though the consultation is not made for oral symptoms (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Exantema/diagnóstico , Exantema/epidemiologia , Exantema/etiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/complicações , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Virais/complicações , Dermatopatias Virais/epidemiologia , Boca/lesões , Boca/fisiologia , Morbidade , Doenças Transmissíveis/patologia , Dermatopatias Virais/etiologia , Dermatopatias Virais/patologia , Diagnóstico Precoce
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